Welcome to ZAR

Mission of "ZAR" is providing ZAR and Rand info to Gold and Currency traders, including financial markets trading our new Gold Trading System

. . . Gold & Currency futures traders are monitoring South Africa's ZAR for trading information to help futures traders successfully make a profit in the Comex Gold market and other metal markets including Silver

ZAR Rand Currencies to help trade Gold The ZAR is the currency South Africa. ZAR gets its name from the Witwatersrand in English, the ridge upon which the city of Johannesburg is built and where most of South Africa's gold deposits were found. The Rand has the symbol "R" and is subdivided into 100-Cents (symbol "c"). The ISO 4217 code is ZAR, from Dutch language (South African Rand). This is echoed in South Africa's internet TLD domain name extension which is .ZA, derived from the Dutch Zuid Afrika "South Africa".

The Zar-Rand is the currency of the Monetary Area between South Africa and Swaziland and Lesotho Africa. Although Namibia withdrew itself from the Common Monetary Area, the S.A. Rand is still legal tender there.

ZAR History

The rand was introduced in 1961, coinciding with the establishment of the Republic of South Africa. It replaced the South African Pound as legal tender, at the rate of 2 rand = 1 pound or 10 shillings to the rand.

Brief exchange rate history

The S.A. Rand was valued at more than a U.S. dollar the time of its inception in 1961 until 1982, when mounting political pressure combined with sanctions placed against the country because of Apartheid started to harm the ZAR's value. The currency broke above parity with the dollar for the first time in March 1982, and continued to trade between R 1-R 1.30 to the dollar until June 1984, when depreciation of the currency gained momentum. By February 1985, it was trading at over R 2 per dollar, and in July that year all foreign exchange trading was suspended for 3 days to try to stop the devaluation.

By the time the then President of South Africa P W Botha made his notorious Rubicon speech on August 15 1985 it had weakened to R 2.40 per dollar. The currency recovered somewhat between 1986?88, trading near the R 2 level most of the time and even breaking beneath it sporadically. The recovery was short-lived however, and by the end of 1989 the rand was trading at levels of more than R 2.50 per dollar.

As it became clear in the early 1990s that the country was destined for black majority rule and one reform after the other was announced, uncertainty about the future of the country hastened the depreciation until the level of R 3 to the dollar was breached in November 1992. A host of local and international events influenced the currency after that, most notably the South African general election of 1994, which saw the Rand weakening to over R 3.60 to the dollar, the election of Tito Mboweni as the new governor of The South African Reserve Bank and inauguration of a new President Thabo Mbeki in 1999 which saw it quickly slide to over R 6 to the dollar. The controversial land reform program that was kicked off in nearby Zimbabwe, followed by the 9-11-01 terror attacks propelled ZAR to its weakest historical level of R 13.84 to the dollar by the end of 2001.

This sudden depreciation in 2001 led to a formal investigation, which in turn led to a dramatic recovery. By the end of 2002, the currency was trading at under R 9 to the dollar again, and by the end of 2004 was trading at under R 5.70 to the dollar. The currency softened somewhat in 2005, and was trading at around R 6.35 to the dollar at the end of the year. At the start of 2006 however, the currency resumed its rally, and, as of 19 January 2006, was trading at under R 6 to the dollar again. However, during the second and third quarters of 2006 (i.e. April through September), the Rand weakened significantly. In Sterling terms, it fell from around 9.5p to just over 7p, losing some 25% of its international trade-weighted value in just six months. Late in 2007, the Rand rallied modestly to just over 8p, only to experience a precipitous slide during the first quarter of 2008.

This monetary down-trend could be attributed to a range of factors: South Africa's worsening current account deficit, which widened to a 36-year high of 7.3% of Gross Domestic Product (GDP) in 2007; inflation at a five-year high of just under 9%; escalating global risk aversion as investors' concerns over the spreading impact of the sub-prime crisis grew; and a general flight to "safe havens", away from the perceived risks of emerging markets. The Rand depreciation was exacerbated by the Eskom electricity crisis, which arose from the utility being unable to meet the country's rapidly growing energy demands. In particular, major mines were shut down, with Eskom warning that major new industrial projects could not be powered until additional power generation capacity could be brought on stream - something unlikely to be achieved for at least another 5 years. This would have a significant impact on production and exports by South Africa's mining industry, and would thus worsen an already worrisome current account deficit. It's very unfortunate it happened at a time of record high prices for hard and soft commodities.

ZAR Coins

Coins were introduced in 1961 in denominations of 1, 2, 5, 10, 20, 50 cents. In 1965, 2-cent coins replaced the 2-cent coins. Gold Trading System training educationThe 2-cent coin was last struck for circulation in 1973. The 2-rand was introduced in 1989, followed by 5-rand coins in 1994. The 1- and 2-cent coins were discontinued in April 2002, primarily due to inflation having devalued them. All prices are now rounded to the nearest 5 cents.

In an effort to curb counterfeiting, a new R 5 coin was released in August 2004, as well as new bank notes in February 2005. Security features introduced on the coin include a bi-metal design (similar to the Euro coins. The Thai 10 Baht coin, the British (2 coin and Canadian $2 coin), a specially-serrated security groove along the rim and micro-lettering. The new notes also feature a number of new security features.

Bank notes

The first series of rand bank notes was introduced in 1961 in denominations of 1, 2, 10 and 20 rand, with similar designs and colors to the preceding pound notes to ease the transition. They bore the image of Jan van Riebeeck, the first Dutch East India Company administrator of Cape Town. Like the last South African pound notes, they came in two variants, one with English written first and the other with Afrikaans first. This practice was continued in the 1966 series which included the first 5 rand notes but did not include the 20 rand denomination.

The 1978 series of South African Notes had denominations of 2, 5 and 10 rand, with 20 and 50 rand introduced in 1984. This series saw a major design change. In addition, the series has only one variant for each denomination of note. Afrikaans was the first language on the 2, 10 and 50 rand, while English was the first language on 5 and 20 rand. The notes bore the image of Jan van Riebeeck.

In the 1990's, the notes were redesigned with images of the Big Five wildlife species. With the 2 and 5 rand coins replacing notes, notes were introduced in 1994 for 100 and 200 rand.

The 2005 series of notes has the same principal design, but with additional security features such as color shifting ink on the 50 rand and higher and the EURion constellation. The obverses of all denominations are printed in English, while two other languages are printed on the reverses, making all eleven official languages of South Africa available.

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